| 侯淑梅1，孙鹏程2，杨璐瑛3，颜海帆1，杨晓霞1.环境场条件对雷暴传播运动影响实例分析[J].海洋气象学报,2018,38(4):58-70 |
| 环境场条件对雷暴传播运动影响实例分析 |
| Case study on the influence of environmental field conditions on the propagation of thunderstorms |
| 投稿时间：2018-04-25 修订日期：2018-06-08 |
| DOI：10.19513/j.cnki.issn2096-3599.2018.04.007 |
| 中文关键词: 后向传播雷暴 环境场特征 斜压 雷暴新生 |
| 英文关键词: back-propagation thunderstorm environmental field conditions baroclinic thunderstorm initiation |
| 基金项目:山东省自然科学基金项目（ZR2016DM20）；中国气象局预报员专项（CMAYBY2018-041）；山东省气象局科研项目（2016sdqxz01，2014sdqxm21）；2016年中国气象局预报预测核心业务发展专项（CMAHX20160208） |
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| 中文摘要: |
| 通过对一个明显后向传播雷暴和一个无明显传播特征雷暴的环境场进行对比，分析环境场条件对雷暴传播运动的影响。结果表明：二者高空均受冷涡后部西北气流控制，有中空急流，低层受暖温度脊影响，气温较高，傍晚前后受短波槽影响，在鲁西北地区产生对流天气；后向传播雷暴的环境场水汽条件较好，大气斜压特征明显，近地面层高温高湿，θse锋区位于对流层中层，中层干空气与低层冷空气入侵，二者共同作用是雷暴的产生机制；无明显传播特征雷暴的环境场水汽条件较差，θse锋区位于850 hPa以下，对流层低层干冷空气与暖湿空气交绥是雷暴的产生机制；雷暴易发生在水汽通量散度中心北侧梯度较大的区域，主回波后部大气为不稳定层结且具有辐合中心、相对湿度较大的特征，这是产生新对流单体的关键；若雷暴区有湿平流，雷暴的下游方向有水汽辐合中心，且辐合中心具有斜压特征，有利于雷暴新生，反之，则不利于雷暴新生。 |
| 英文摘要: |
| The influence of environmental field conditions on the propagation of thunderstorms is analyzed by comparing the environmental fields of a back-propagation thunderstorm and a thunderstorm without obvious propagation characteristics. The results are as follows. 1) Both of them are controlled by the northwest air flow behind the cold vortex at 500 hPa, the jet stream exists at the mid level, and the warm ridge results in higher temperature at the lower level. The convective weather occurs in the northwest of Shandong when the short-wave trough approaches later in the afternoon. 2) The environmental field conditions of the back-propagation thunderstorm involve abundant water vapor, obvious baroclinity, high temperature and humidity near the surface, θse frontal zone located in the middle troposphere and the invasion of dry air at the mid level and cold air at the lower level, and their combined action triggers the occurance of such thunderstorm. 3) The environmental field conditions of the thunderstorm without obvious propagation characteristics involve less water vapor, θse frontal zone located below 850 hPa, and the confluence of the dry cold air and the warm moist air in the lower troposphere, which is the production mechanism of such thunderstorm. 4) Thunderstorms tend to occur on the north side of the water vapor flux divergence center with larger gradient, and the key to generate new convection cells is the unstable stratification accompanied with the convergence center and greater relative humidity behind main echo regions. 5) If there is moist advection in the the thunderstorm area and water vapor convergence center with baroclinic features in the downstream direction of the thunderstorm, it is favorable for initiating thunderstorms, not vice versa. |
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