The spatial and temporal variations of the sea surface temperature anomaly (SSTA) in the South China Sea (SCS) are analyzed and the influencing process of the Walker circulation anomaly on the SSTA in the SCS during the ENSO period is discussed from the perspective of the precipitation anomaly by using monthly mean sea surface temperature (SST) provided by HadISST, ERA-Interim reanalysis data, and GPCP Version 2.3 Combined Precipitation Data Set. The results show that the SSTA field in the SCS has three major modes, including the homogenous structure mode, the eastwest out-of-phase dipole mode, and zonal triple mode. The three modes have significant quasi-biennial oscillation and quasi-quadrennial oscillation, which reflects a high correlation between the SSTA in the SCS and the ENSO phenomenon. And the analysis of the Walker circulation anomaly shows that the Walker circulation anomaly has a good correlation with the ENSO phenomenon and the SSTA in the SCS. When the ENSO event occurs, the anomalous movement of the Walker circulation changes the SST in the SCS through “cloud-radiation feedback process”. The Walker circulation acts as an “atmospheric bridge” during ENSO's influence on the SSTA in the SCS.