两次长寿命非超级单体孤立强风暴多普勒天气雷达观测对比分析
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刘云,女,工程师,主要从事综合气象业务工作,taalice@sina.com。

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环渤海区域科技协同创新基金项目(QYXM201614,QYXM201802)


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Contrastive analysis of two isolated long-lived non-supercell storms with Doppler weather radar observations
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    摘要:

    利用济南多普勒天气雷达资料,结合探空和天气实况资料,对2次历时超过4 h的孤立非超级单体风暴强度结构、流场结构和环境物理量及其差异性进行了分析。结果表明,0611和0915风暴均产生于东北冷涡底部西北气流和低层切变线环境形势下,上干冷下暖湿,0~6 km具有强垂直风切变,600 hPa为起点的下沉对流有效位能(DCAPE)具有较大值。旺盛阶段,0915风暴的最大反射率因子(DBZM)、基于单体的垂直累积液态含水量(C-VIL)和强中心高度(HT)参数平均值明显大于0611风暴,差值分别是6.7 dBZ、11 kg·m-2和2.4 km。0915风暴成熟阶段的前期表现为明显中层径向辐合(MARC)特征,中期风暴中层表现为强气旋性旋转气流结构,后期又演变为MARC特征,同时辐合强度更加显著。0611风暴旺盛阶段中层具有双涡结构,但前期气旋性旋转强度明显大于反气旋性旋转强度,后期情况相反,反气旋性旋转强度明显大于气旋性旋转强度。两次过程中环境物理量差别明显的是对流有效位能(CAPE)和低层比湿,0915风暴CAPE和低层比湿明显大于0611风暴过程。在相似的形势背景下,低层湿度大,具有大的CAPE值,风暴内部上升气流的最大上升速度较大,利于强反射率核的悬垂和维持。

    Abstract:

    Based on the Doppler weather radar data in Jinan, sounding data, and weather observations, the intensity structures, flow field structures, and environmental parameters of two isolated long-lived non-supercell storms with duration more than 4 hours are comparatively analyzed. The results show that Storm 0611 and Storm 0915 both occurred under interactions between northwest airflow and lower-layer shear line at the bottom of cold vortex over Northeast China. At the same time, the environmental situation is dry and cold in the upper layer, while warm and moist in the lower layer. Strong vertical wind shear appears between 0 and 6 km and DCAPE (downdraft convective available potential energy) from 600 hPa is relatively high. In the vigorous stage, the mean values of DBZM (maximum reflectivity), C-VIL (cell-based vertically integrated liquid water), and HT (centroid height) of Storm 0915 are significantly higher than those of Storm 0611, and the difference values are 6.7 dBZ, 11 kg·m-2, and 2.4 km, respectively. For mature Storm 0915, the middle-layer airflow structure is characterized by MARC (mid-altitude radial convergence) in the early stage, strong cyclonic rotation in the intermediate stage, and MARC with stronger convergence in the later stage. For vigorous Storm 0611, the middle-layer airflow structure is characterized by double-vortex flow pattern, cyclonic rotation intensity significantly higher than anticyclonic rotation intensity in the early stage, and anticyclonic rotation intensity significantly higher than cyclonic rotation intensity in the later stage. For the two processes, the environmental parameters of CAPE and lower-layer specific humidity differ greatly, and the lower-layer specific humidity of Storm 0915 is significantly higher than that of Storm 0611. Under similar situations, high lower-layer humidity, high CAPE value, and high speed of updraft inside the storm are conducive to the overhang and maintenance of the strong reflectivity core.

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刘云,郭飞燕.两次长寿命非超级单体孤立强风暴多普勒天气雷达观测对比分析[J].海洋气象学报,2019,39(4):124-132.

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  • 收稿日期:2018-11-16
  • 最后修改日期:2019-04-22
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  • 在线发布日期: 2019-12-31
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