2016年12月青岛一次持续重污染天气的观测分析与数值模拟
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樊丹丹,女,硕士研究生,主要从事大气污染数值模拟研究,fandandan96@163.com。

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国家重点研发计划项目重点专项(2017YFC1404200,2017YFC1404100);山东省重点研发计划项目(2019GSF111066)


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Observational analysis and numerical simulation of a severe air pollution event in Qingdao in December 2016
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    摘要:

    选取2016年12月17—22日青岛一次典型重污染天气,利用大气污染物监测结果、地面气象要素观测资料和欧洲中期天气预报中心(ECMWF)ERA5再分析数据对此次过程中大气污染物及气象场的变化特征进行分析。观测分析表明此次污染过程持续时间长达5 d以上,其中19—21日为重污染天气(PM 2.5 日均质量浓度ρ>150 μg·m-3)。根据气象场和PM2.5质量浓度变化特征,此次污染过程可分为3个阶段:17日02时—19日08时为青岛污染物累积阶段,研究区受西南风控制,PM2.5质量浓度逐渐上升,700 hPa等压面上高空槽的维持及槽前持续的南风、西南风有利于污染物累积,同时近地面相对湿度增加,是此次持续性重污染天气形成的重要条件;19日09时—20日20时为青岛污染维持加剧阶段,相对湿度大、风速很小,污染物扩散条件差,PM2.5质量浓度最高;20日21时—22日08时为青岛污染消散阶段,青岛对流层中下层及地面风速均增大并产生弱降水,有利于污染物扩散稀释和湿清除,PM2.5质量浓度逐渐降低。WRF-Chem数值模式能够较好地模拟出主要气象要素和青岛PM2.5 质量浓度的变化特征,模拟结果表明山东省内污染物排放贡献了青岛PM2.5的49.5%;污染物跨省输送对此次污染事件也有重要贡献,其中来自研究区以南的安徽和江苏的排放对青岛PM2.5的贡献率可达25.5%。

    Abstract:

    The monitoring results of atmospheric pollutants, surface observations of meteorological elements, and ERA5 reanalysis data from European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF) are used to analyze the variations of atmospheric pollutants and meteorological elements during a typical severe air pollution event in Qingdao from 17 to 22 December 2016. The observational analysis indicates that the pollution event persists for more than 5 d, within which the period from 19 to 22 December is classified as severe pollution with daily average PM2.5 mass concentration higher than 150 μg·m-3. The pollution event can be divided into three stages according to the variations of meteorological conditions and PM2.5 mass concentration. 1) During the accumulating stage (from 02:00 BST on 17 to 08:00 BST on 19) of pollutants in Qingdao, the research area is controlled by southwesterly winds, resulting in a gradual increase of PM2.5 mass concentration. The maintenance of the trough at 700 hPa and the persistence of the southerly and southwesterly winds in front of the trough are unfavorable to the downwind diffusion and dilution of pollutants, and the increase of relative humidity near surface at the same time is an important factor for the formation of the severe air pollution. 2) The maintaining and intensifying stage (from 09:00 BST on 19 to 20:00 BST on 20) of the pollution event in Qingdao is accompanied with high relative humidity and very weak surface wind, which are unfavorable to the diffusion of pollutants, and PM2.5 mass concentration is the highest. 3) During the dissipating stage (from 21:00 BST on 20 to 08:00 BST on 22) of pollutants in Qingdao, the PM2.5 mass concentration gradually decreases, accompanied with the increase of wind speed from the middle and lower troposphere to surface and the weak precipitation, which are favorable to the diffusion of pollutants and wet scavenging. The WRF-Chem model can simulate the variations of meteorological elements and PM2.5 mass concentration in Qingdao. The simulation shows that the pollutants within Shandong Province contribute to 49.5% of PM2.5 mass concentration in Qingdao, and the interprovincial transport of pollutants also contributes significantly to this pollution event, e.g. the pollutants from Anhui and Jiangsu provinces (to the south of the research area) contributing up to 25.5% of PM2.5 mass concentration in Qingdao.

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樊丹丹,屈文军,高山红.2016年12月青岛一次持续重污染天气的观测分析与数值模拟[J].海洋气象学报,2020,40(2):71-82.

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  • 收稿日期:2020-03-05
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  • 在线发布日期: 2020-07-17
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