Based on Terra/MOD13Q1 remote sensing vegetation data in Linyi, the planting information of winter wheat in Linyi from 2009 to 2019 is extracted by analyzing the remote sensing spectral characteristics, phenological calendar characteristics, and biological characteristics of winter wheat. The spatiotemporal distribution of winter wheat in Linyi is analyzed using GIS spatial analysis and statistical analysis methods. The results are shown below. 1) In terms of space, the planting area of winter wheat in Linyi fluctuates between 2 800 km2 and 3 000 km2 in the recent decade with little change on the whole, accounting for about 17% of the land area of the whole region. The planting area shows a distribution pattern of more in the south and less in the north, and is mainly concentrated in Lanling, Linshu, and Tancheng. 2) In terms of the stability of winter wheat planting, high stability areas where winter wheat has been planted for a decade or above are mainly concentrated in Lanling and Tancheng with a total area of 1 638 km2. Lower stability areas where winter wheat has been planted continuously for less than 4 a are mainly distributed in Junan and Feixian with a total area of 1 914 km2. 3) In terms of time, the area of winter wheat increases from 2 838 km2 in 2009 to 2 985 km2 in 2019, and the range and annual mean rate of change are 5.5% and 0.5%, respectively, showing a slowly increasing trend. This study provides a rather accurate and scientific reference for the investigation of winter wheat planting and the adjustment of agricultural structure in Linyi.