2020年秋季海洋天气评述
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孙舒悦,女,博士,工程师,主要从事台风与海洋气象预报工作,sunshy@cma.gov.cn。尹尽勇,男,研究员级高级工程师,长期从事台风与海洋气象预报研究工作,yin_jinyong@sina.com。

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国家重点研发计划“重大自然灾害监测预警与防范”重点专项(2019YFC1510102,2018YFC1506904)


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Autumn 2020 marine weather review
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    摘要:

    2020年秋季(9—11月)大气环流特征表现为,北半球极涡呈单极型分布,中高纬环流呈4波型。9—11月,欧亚大陆中高纬环流经向度不断加大,冷空气势力增强。西太平洋副热带高压较历史平均偏强,热带气旋活动频繁。我国近海出现了19次8级以上大风过程,其中冷空气大风过程6次,台风大风过程4次,入海气旋大风过程1次,冷空气与热带气旋共同影响的大风过程7次,冷空气和温带气旋共同影响的大风过程1次。西北太平洋和南海共生成13个热带气旋,其中10月共有7个热带气旋生成,追平10月热带气旋生成数的历史最高纪录;全球其他海域共生成热带气旋26个。我国近海未出现2 m以上大浪过程的天数仅有12 d,约占秋季总日数的13%。秋季,我国近海海域呈明显降温过程,北部海域的降温幅度明显大于南部海域,受连续北上影响我国北部海域的热带气旋活动影响,9月黄海东部及东海东部的海面温度较气候态明显偏低。

    Abstract:

    The main characteristics of the atmospheric circulation in the autumn (from September to November) of 2020 are as follows. The polar vortex is characterized by a single-pole type in the Northern Hemisphere and the circulations present a 4-wave mode in middle and high latitudes. From September to November, the meridional gradient of the Eurasian mid-high latitude circulation is increasing and the cold air is strengthening. The western Pacific subtropical high is stronger than the historical average and tropical cyclones are frequent. There were 19 gale processes above 8 grade over offshore areas of China, including 6 produced by cold air, 4 by typhoons, one by extratropical cyclones, 7 jointly by cold air and tropical cyclones, and one jointly by cold air and extratropical cyclones. There were 13 tropical cyclones generated over western North Pacific and the South China Sea, among which 7 typhoons were generated in October, equalizing the highest number of typhoons in October. In addition, 26 tropical cyclones were generated over the world's other oceans. There are only 12 days without rough sea wave processes above 2 m over offshore areas of China, accounting for about 13% of the total days of autumn. In autumn 2020, the sea surface temperature (SST) has an overall trend of decrease, while the decrease rate in northern seas is obviously larger than that in southern seas. Due to the continuous activities of tropical cyclones that move northward affecting the northern waters of China, the SST over the eastern Yellow Sea and the eastern East China Sea in September is significantly lower than the climatology.

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孙舒悦,尹尽勇,张增海,柳龙生.2020年秋季海洋天气评述[J].海洋气象学报,2021,41(1):19-29.

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  • 收稿日期:2021-02-07
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  • 在线发布日期: 2021-04-14
  • 出版日期: 2021-02-28

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