2022年春季海洋天气评述
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张增海,男,硕士,高级工程师,主要从事海洋气象预报及远洋气象导航研究工作,zhangzh@cma.cn。

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国家重点研发计划项目(2019YFC1510104);国家气象中心气象现代化建设专项(QXXDH202111)


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Spring 2022 marine weather review
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    摘要:

    2022年春季(3—5月)北半球极涡呈单极型分布,形状狭长,极涡强度与历史同期相当。北半球中高纬度西风带呈4波型分布。3月,我国北方的大部分地区及北部海域受西北气流控制;4月,东亚大槽加深,高压脊区较历史同期偏强;5月,中高纬环流调整为“两槽两脊”型。我国近海出现12次大风过程,其中冷空气大风过程4次,冷空气和温带气旋共同影响的大风过程3次,温带气旋大风过程4次,冷空气与热带气旋共同影响的大风过程1次。近海共出现10次比较明显的海雾过程,其中3月4次,4月3次,5月3次。西北太平洋和南海有2个热带气旋生成,接近常年同期平均值;全球其他海域有12个热带气旋生成,较历史同期平均值偏少5.7个。近海浪高2.0 m以上的海浪过程有12次,总日数为44 d。春季各月我国近海海面温度整体呈上升趋势,北方海域升温幅度大于南方海域。

    Abstract:

    The main characteristics of the general atmospheric circulation in spring 2022 (from March to May) are as follows. The polar vortex is characterized by a monopole pattern in the Northern Hemisphere with a long and narrow shape, and the intensity of the polar vortex is close to climatological normal. The westerlies in the middle and high latitudes are in a 4-wave pattern. In March, most of China's northern part and northern seas are under the control of northwest airflow; in April, the East Asia major trough is deepened and the ridge area is stronger than that in the same period in history; in May, the circulation in the middle and high latitudes changes into “two troughs and two ridges” type. There are totally 12 gale processes above 8-grade over offshore areas of China in spring, including 4 produced by cold air, three jointly induced by cold air and extratropical cyclones, 4 generated by extratropical cyclones, and one jointly induced by cold air and tropical cyclones. Ten obvious sea fog processes occur over offshore areas, including 4 in March, three in April, and three in May. There are totally two tropical cyclones generated over western North Pacific and the South China Sea, which is close to the normal average of the same period; in addition, 12 tropical cyclones are generated over the world's other seas, which is 5.7 less than that in normal years. There are 12 rough sea wave processes above 2.0 m with a total number of 44 days. In spring, the sea surface temperature over offshore areas of China shows an upward tendency, while the temperature rising rate in the northern seas is larger than that in the southern seas.

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张增海,刘涛,尹尽勇,郭乙莹,张浩.2022年春季海洋天气评述[J].海洋气象学报,2022,42(3):109-122.

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  • 在线发布日期: 2022-08-30
  • 出版日期: 2022-08-31

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