1814号台风“摩羯”引发鲁北平原一次罕见龙卷特征
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谷山青,女,工程师,主要从事天气雷达对灾害性天气的监测预警研究,guoguo_shanqing@126.com。

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P445.1;P458.3

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山东省气象局预报员专项(SDYBY2020-11);山东省气象局重大天气过程专项(SDYBY2021-03);华东区域气象科技协同创新基金项目(QYHZ201812);山东台风与海洋气象创新团队项目(SDCXTD2021-2)


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Characteristics of a rare tornado in the North Shandong Plain triggered by Typhoon Yagi (2018)
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    摘要:

    利用常规观测、探空、区域气象观测站、ERA5、多普勒雷达等资料对 2018 年 8 月 14 日台风 “摩羯”在鲁北平原引发的1 个 EF2 级龙卷的环境背景和雷达回波进行分析。结果表明:(1)龙卷发生时台风“摩羯”已减弱为温带气旋并停止编号。(2)低层辐合、高层辐散,上下重叠度较好的急流轴,低空强的垂直风切变和风暴相对螺旋度等,构成龙卷风暴发生的有利环境条件。(3)龙卷母风暴属于小型超级单体风暴,低层反射率因子具有钩状回波形态;在速度剖面上具有龙卷涡旋轴线和小尺度风场辐合特征,对应谱宽剖面上有谱宽大值区。(4)降低雷达系统中气旋探测算法和龙卷涡旋探测算法部分适配参数阈值后,系统提前60 min 给出中气旋特征,提前7 min 给出龙卷涡旋特征(tornado vortex signature,TVS);中气旋顶高、最大切变高度快速上升和下降的过程对应小尺度涡旋的增强和触地,最大切变值骤降对应龙卷快速释放能量。

    Abstract:

    Based on conventional observations,radiosonde data,ERA5 analysis data,and data of regional automatic meteorological station and Doppler radar,this paper analyzes the environmental background and radar echo of an EF2 tornado triggered by Typhoon Yagi in the North Shandong Plain on 14 August 2018. The results are as follows. (1)When the tornado occurs,Typhoon Yagi has weakened to an extratropical cyclone and its numbering has been stopped. (2)Favorable environmental conditions for the tornado include low-level convergence and upper-level divergence,good overlap of upper and lower jets,strong low-level vertical wind shear,storm-relative helicity (SRH)and so on. (3)The tornado- parent storm is a mini-supercell storm,and the low-level reflectivity still has a hook echo;on the velocity profile,it has the characteristics of axis of tornado vortex and convergence of the small-scale wind field,and the corresponding spectral width profile has a high-value area. (4)After lowering the thresholds of some adaptation parameters of the mesocyclone detection algorithm and tornado vortex detection algorithm in the radar system,the system gives the mesocyclone features 60 min in advance and tornado vortex signature (TVS)7 min in advance. The rapid rise and fall of the top height and maximum shear height of the mesocyclone correspond to the enhancement and touchdown of the small-scale vortex,and the sudden drop of the maximum shear value corresponds to the rapid release of energy from the tornado.

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谷山青,王凤娇,孟宪贵,朱君鉴.1814号台风“摩羯”引发鲁北平原一次罕见龙卷特征[J].海洋气象学报,2022,42(4):48-57.

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  • 在线发布日期: 2022-12-05
  • 出版日期: 2022-11-30
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