Using the QFW-6000 microwave radiometer data of Dachang County, Langfang City and the radiosonde data of Beijing from 2017 to 2020, the temperature and humidity in the vertical direction of 737 groups of effective samples at 08:00 and 20:00 are compared and tested. The results are shown below. (1) The root mean square error of temperature in the whole layer is within 5 ℃, and the root mean square error of relative humidity is 20%-30%. The correlation coefficient of temperature is significantly higher than that of relative humidity, that is, the detection accuracy of the former is higher. (2) The errors of temperature and relative humidity at 08:00 and 20:00 below 1 km are significantly different. The errors at 08:00 are less than those at 20:00 and the errors of temperature above 1 km are stable at about 3 ℃. The error in relative humidity profile first increases and then decreases with height. (3) The temperature errors in summer and autumn are generally smaller than those in spring and winter, but the error in the ground layer in summer is significantly greater than those in other seasons, and the error of relative humidity is more stable in winter. (4) The detection accuracy of the microwave radiometer in sunny days is obviously better than those in cloudy and rainy days, and with the increase of cloud cover, the detection accuracy gradually decreases. (5) Different rainfall intensity has different effects on the detection accuracy of microwave radiometer, and the greater the rainfall, the greater the errors of temperature and relative humidity. The correlation coefficient of temperature during light rain ranges from 0.60 to 0.90 above the ground layer, but the correlation coefficient of relative humidity in the whole layer is generally below 0.5; when moderate rain or above occurs, the correlation coefficient of temperature at 08:00 and 20:00 shows significant differences, while the correlation coefficient of relative humidity shows the biggest fluctuation in heavy rain or above, showing extremely unstable detection performance.