The study on vegetation ecological quality and its response to climate change under the background of climate change can provide reference data for the construction of ecological civilization. Based on multi-source remote sensing data and meteorological observing data, the spatio-temporal variations of the vegetation ecological quality and their response to climate change in Dezhou from 2000 to 2022 are studied using the monitoring model for vegetation ecological quality. The results show that the vegetation ecological quality in Dezhou has significantly improved during the 23 years, and the ecological quality index (EQI), net primary productivity (NPP) and fractional vegetation cover (FVC) increase by 7.3, 101.6 g C·m-2 and 6.8% every 10 years, respectively. The spatial differences in vegetation ecological quality are not significant. Temperature and precipitation are the main climatic driving factors to improve vegetation ecological quality, and the driving effect of precipitation is greater than that of temperature. Appropriate water and thermal conditions such as precipitation and temperature, are conducive to the growth of vegetation, and can promote the improvement of vegetation ecological quality. Extreme climate events such as drought, high temperature and cold wave, especially the superposition of multiple extreme climate events, lead to the decline of vegetation ecological quality.