北部湾海雾客观预报技术研究及应用
作者:
作者单位:

1.广西壮族自治区气象台,广西 南宁 530022 ;2.北部湾国家气候观象台开放实验室,广西 南宁 530022 ;3.北海市气象局,广西 北海 536000 ;4.广西壮族自治区气候中心,广西 南宁 530022 ;5.国家气象中心,北京 100081 ;6.桂林市气象局,广西 桂林 541012

作者简介:

罗小莉,高级工程师,xlpeace2003@126.com。

通讯作者:

中图分类号:

P732.4

基金项目:

广西自然科学基金项目(2023GXNSFAA026511,2023GXNSFBA026359);广西气象科研计划项目(桂气科2023M02,桂气科2024Z03);北部湾国家气候观象台开放实验室基金项目(BNCO-S202301)


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Research and application of objective forecasting technology for sea fog in the Beibu Gulf
Author:
Affiliation:

1.Guangxi Meteorological Observatory, Nanning 530022 , China ; 2.Open Laboratory of Guangxi Beibu Gulf National Climate Observatory, Nanning 530022 , China ; 3.Beihai Meteorological Service, Beihai 53600, China ; 4.Guangxi Climate Center, Nanning 530022 , China ; 5.National Meteorological Center, Beijing 100081 , China ; 6.Guilin Meteorological Service, Guilin 541012 , China

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    摘要:

    利用2016年1月1日—2021年12月31日广西沿海观测站的气象资料和0.25°×0.25°逐3 h的ERA5资料,基于海雾生成、消散的物理过程与预报员的经验,计算分析所需要的物理量值,预选出可能对海雾造成影响的68个物理量作为初步预报因子,建立基于配料法、决策树法和指数法的北部湾海雾客观预报模型,并对2023年1—4月的海雾过程预报的TS评分(threat score)进行检验。结果表明:(1)3种客观预报产品对北部湾海雾有较好的预报效果,但在北海海区的预报效果不如其他海区。(2)从3种方法24 h预报的TS评分来看,配料法的预报效果明显优于决策树和指数法。(3)从3种方法48 h和72 h预报的TS评分来看,决策树法的预报效果明显优于配料法和指数法。(4)对比分析欧洲中期天气预报中心(European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts,ECMWF)模式产品的TS评分,ECMWF模式产品对北部湾沿海海雾的平均TS评分(仅为0.30左右)均低于3种客观方法,且明显低于配料法与决策树法的平均TS评分(0.40),但从各海区的预报结果来看,ECMWF模式产品对防城港海区的预报效果(TS评分为0.46)明显优于配料法(TS评分为0.38)和指数法(TS评分为0.36)。

    Abstract:

    Using the meteorological observations from coastal observing stations in Guangxi from 1 January 2016 to 31 December 2021 and 0.25°×0.25° ERA5 data with a 3-h interval, this study calculates and analyzes the required physical quantity values based on the physical processes of sea fog formation and dissipation as well as forecasters’ experience. A total of 68 physical quantities that may affect sea fog are preliminarily selected as initial forecasting factors, and an objective forecasting model for the sea fog in the Beibu Gulf is established using the ingredient-based method, decision tree method and index method. Verification is conducted using the threat score (TS) for the forecasts of the sea fog processes from January to April 2023. The results are as follows. (1) The three objective forecasting products perform well in predicting the sea fog in the Beibu Gulf, but the performance in the Beihai sea area is inferior to that in other sea areas. (2) Based on the TS of the 24-h forecasts using the three methods, the forecasting performance of the ingredient-based method is significantly better than that of the decision tree method and the index method. (3) Based on the TS of the 48-h and 72-h forecasts using the three methods, the decision tree method outperforms the ingredient-based method and the index method significantly. (4) A comparative analysis of the TS of the ECMWF (European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts) model products reveals that the average TS (only around 0.30) of the ECMWF model products for the coastal sea fog in the Beibu Gulf is lower than the TSs of the three objective methods, and notably lower than the average TS (0.40) of the ingredient-based method and the decision tree method. Nevertheless, from the perspective of the forecasting results across different sea areas, the ECMWF model products exhibit significantly better performance (with the TS of 0.46) in the Fangchenggang sea area compared to the ingredient-based method (with the TS of 0.38) and the index method (with the TS of 0.36).

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罗小莉,彭定宇,郑凤琴,曹越男,李广桃,刘璐,王娟,杨明鑫.北部湾海雾客观预报技术研究及应用[J].海洋气象学报,2026,(1):55-63.

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  • 收稿日期:2025-05-07
  • 最后修改日期:2025-10-17
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  • 在线发布日期: 2026-02-13
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