By using conventional observation data, Doppler radar data, and regional automatic weather station data, 33 cases of short-time severe rainfall events happened in Jinan are analyzed and systematically summarized. The results show that the short-time severe rainfall occurred averagely 3.3 times per year, mainly occurred from early July to mid-August, and the most probable time is from 17:00 to 23:00 and from 02:00 to 08:00 (local time). The short-time heavy precipitation is more likely to occur and has stronger intensity in the southern mountainous region than in the northern plains. The Type Ⅰ (upper trough/cold front) severe rainfall events happen most frequently with plentiful vapor and favorable dynamic conditions. There is a flared structure in the middle and upper stratification curve, while the pattern of CAPE (convective available potential energy) is narrow with the average value of 1 370 J·kg-1. The convections are mostly triggered by the cold front (sometimes the warm convection existed) and generate widespread severe rainfall. For the Type Ⅱ(subtropical high edge) severe rainfall events, the water vapor supply is plentiful, the pattern of CAPE is wide with the average value of 2 400J·kg-1. The convections are usually triggered by the underlying dynamical systems locally and suddenly with unevenly distributed heavy rainfall. The Type Ⅲ (low vortex/shear line) severe rainfall events often happen at night with plentiful water vapor supply, fairly good dynamic conditions, and averaged CAPE of 607 J·kg-1. For these different types of severe rainfalls, the average rainfall intensity of Type Ⅰ or Type Ⅲ is stronger, and the duration of Type Ⅱ is longer. Because of extremely strong rainfall intensity and longer duration, Type I severe rainfall frequently leads to extreme precipitation events. The banded echo occurs most frequently produced by Type Ⅰ and the lump echo is mainly produced by Type Ⅱ with sparse distribution. The floccose echo is mainly produced by Type Ⅲ with weaker intensity. The strong echo is mainly concentrated in the middle and low level with a low echo mass center and the vertical structure is consistent with the characteristics of tropical rainfall event. Among the 10 severe rainfall processes with the train effect, 7 are produced by the back-propagation of the banded echo or short-banded echo, and the other three by large-scale floccose echo. The average duration and precipitation of the 10 processes are twice of the average of the other processes.