济南冬季雾微物理结构特征
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王庆,女,硕士,正高级工程师,主要从事人工影响天气业务及相关的科研工作,wq9813@sohu.com。

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国家自然科学基金项目(41275148);山东省气象局科研项目(2015sdqxm07)


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Microphysical structure and characteristics of winter fog in Jinan
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    摘要:

    2016年12月19日—2017年1月9日,受静稳天气影响,济南接连出现了10次大雾天气过程,期间最低能见度不足50 m。利用10次冬季雾过程收集的雾滴谱资料、自动气象观测站加密资料、NCEP/NCAR再分析资料以及常规气象资料,分析了济南冬季雾期间的环流背景、雾类型以及微物理结构特征等。结果表明:济南冬季雾中以小滴为主,直径8 μm以下的小滴占总数的88%以上,小滴数与数浓度具有较好的线性关系;谱型有“单峰窄谱”和“多峰宽谱”之分,“单峰窄谱”雾谱宽不超过13 μm,小雾滴所占比例很高,液态含水量与数浓度具有较好的线性关系,各微物理量较小,“多峰宽谱”雾平均谱宽在34 μm以上,液态含水量与直径12 μm以上的大滴数具有较好的线性关系,各微物理量较大;平流辐射雾的数浓度和液态含水量最大,辐射雾次之,蒸发雾最小;冬季雾具有明显的地域性特征,与南京和上海相比,济南冬季雾数浓度明显偏小;辐射雾和平流辐射雾中液态含水量偏小1~2个数量级,且谱宽明显偏窄。

    Abstract:

    Affected by stable weather, 10 fog events occurred continuously in Jinan from 19 December 2016 to 9 January 2017, during which the minimum visibility was less than 50 m. The circulation pattern, fog type, and microphysical characteristics of winter fog in Jinan are analyzed by using the observation data of fog droplet spectrometers, intensified data of automatic weather stations, NCEP/NCAR reanalysis data, and conventional observation data during the 10 fog events. The results are as follows. 1) The winter fog in Jinan is dominated by small droplet with diameter equal to or less than 8 μm, which accounts for more than 88% and has a good linear relation with NC (number concentration). 2) The spectral pattern is divided into one-peak narrow spectrum and multi-peak wide spectrum. For one-peak narrow spectrum fog, its spectral width is less than 13 μm, the proportion of small droplet is very high, the LWC (liquid water content) has a good linear relation with NC, and each microphysical quantity is small. For multi-peak wide spectrum fog, the average spectral width is greater than 34 μm, the LWC has a good linear relation with the number of large droplet whose diameter is equal to or greater than 12 μm, and each microphysical quantity is great. 3) The advection-radiation fog in Jinan has the highest NC and LWC, followed by radiation fog, and evaporation fog is the least. 4) The winter fog has obvious regional characteristics. Compared with the winter fog in Nanjing and Shanghai, the NC of winter fog in Jinan is obviously lower. 5) The LWC in radiation fog and advection-radiation fog is one to two orders of magnitude less and the spectral width is obviously small.

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王庆,樊明月,王健捷.济南冬季雾微物理结构特征[J].海洋气象学报,2019,39(3):84-95.

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  • 收稿日期:2019-02-27
  • 最后修改日期:2019-04-02
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  • 在线发布日期: 2019-08-31
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