In order to study the ability of GPM (Global Precipitation Measurement) data to detect the precipitation structure of typhoon, the GPM satellite data, ground-based radar data, and surface precipitation observations are used to analyze the precipitation structure of Typhoon RUMBIA (2018) as it affects Shandong. The results are listed as follows. 1) The precipitation caused by the spiral rainband of the typhoon is much larger than that by the peripheral cloud system. 2) The rain top height of the spiral rainband of the typhoon is greater than that of the peripheral cloud system. The rain top height is basically above 7 km and the maximum reaches 15 km. 3) The spiral rainband and peripheral cloud system of the typhoon are dominated by precipitation of stratus clouds and convective clouds. The precipitation ratio of convective clouds in the spiral rainband is higher than that in the peripheral cloud system, the average precipitation rate of convective clouds is three times more than that of stratus clouds, and the precipitation of convective clouds corresponds to the high-value area of near-surface precipitation rate and rain top height. 4) Compared with the precipitation column in the peripheral cloud system of the typhoon, the precipitation column in the spiral rainband is characterized by large number, high density, and great height, which is related to the strong convection development in the spiral rainband of the typhoon. 5) The 2A-DPR data products have a good indication for predicting precipitation. The results provide a reference for predicting precipitation structure with GPM products.