Based on the monthly mean sea surface temperature data from NOAA, NCEP/NCAR reanalysis data, and monthly mean precipitation observation data of 160 stations in China from 1951 to 2017, the influence of eastern Pacific (EP) El Niño and central Pacific (CP) El Niño events in the developing years and the following years on the interannual variability of summer precipitation in Shandong is investigated using composite analysis method. The conclusions are as follows. In the developing years of the two types of El Niño events, the summer precipitation is both significantly less than that in the normal years, and the influence intensity and range of EP El Niño on the summer precipitation in Shandong are slightly weaker than those of CP El Niño. In the developing summer of EP El Niño, there is significantly less precipitation in partial areas of the northwest of Shandong and near the Jiaozhou Bay, while in the developing summer of CP El Niño, there is significantly less precipitation in the whole province. The influence of EP El Niño and CP El Niño in the following years on the summer precipitation anomaly in Shandong shows a feature of out-of-phase, and the spatial positions of high-value zones are exactly the opposite. In the following summer of EP El Niño, there is anomalously less precipitation than that in the normal years in the east of Shandong, especially in Shandong Peninsula (Qingdao area is the most prominent), while in the following summer of CP El Niño, there is anomalously more precipitation than that in the normal years in the central and northern Shandong, especially in the northwest of Shandong. In the developing and following summer of EP El Niño and the developing summer of CP El Niño, the distributions of geopotential height anomalies at 500 hPa are not beneficial for the western North Pacific subtropical high to proceed northward, and there are northerly and easterly wind anomalies at 850 hPa, which is unfavorable for the water vapor transport to Shandong. Besides, there is no obvious water vapor convergence in Shandong. All those above result in less precipitation in most areas of Shandong. In the following summer of CP El Niño, the western North Pacific subtropical high tends to be stronger and extends westward and northward, which leads to significant southwesterly wind anomalies at 850 hPa, the water vapor convergence is obvious in the central and western Shandong, and therefore, there is more precipitation.