In this paper, the vertical distribution characteristics of cloud microphysical parameters of four explosive cyclones over the Atlantic Ocean occurred in winter and spring are analyzed by using CloudSat satellite data from the CloudSat Data Processing Center (CloudSat DPC), ERA5 reanalysis data from the European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF), and satellite visible imagery from the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) Aqua satellite. The results show that stratocumulus or cumulus dominants the cloud system in the center of explosive cyclone, while the cloud system outside the cyclone center is dominated by nimbostratus. The outside of nimbostratus is often accompanied with altostratus at similar height. The cold front cloud system of the cyclone is dominated by nimbostratus, altostratus and altocumulus. The minimum height of ice particles almost coincides with the height of 0 ℃ isotherm. The effective radius of ice particles decreases with the increase of altitude, while the ice particle number concentration increases as altitude increases. The value of ice water content is large in the middle part of nimbostratus, while the liquid water content is mainly distributed at the bottom of altostratus and stratocumulus. The content of liquid water in an explosive cyclone in winter is greater than that in spring.