ENSO事件下赤道中东太平洋海温场非对称性特征分析
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国家自然科学重大基金项目(41790474);山东省自然科学基金重大基础研究项目(ZR2019ZD12)


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Asymmetric characteristics of SSTs in the central and eastern equatorial Pacific under ENSO events
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National Natural Science Foundation of China (NSFC) Project (41790474);Shandong Natural Science Foundation Project (ZR2019ZD12)

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    摘要:

    本文利用1950—2020年冬季HadISST逐月海表面温度(SST)资料、SODAv2.2.4逐月海温、三维海洋流速同化资料和NCEP/NCAR 2 m高度上的逐月气温资料,使用了非对称合成差分析方法、海洋混合层热量收支诊断方法等,探究了El Ni?o事件和La Ni?a事件下造成赤道东太平洋(E区:80°?110°W,10°S?10°N)、赤道中太平洋(C区:160°E?170°W,10°S?10°N)SST异常场显著不同非对称性特征的可能海洋动力过程,分析了ENSO事件非对称强迫下2 m高度上气温(SAT)异常场的非对称空间响应。结果表明:E区El Ni?o事件的强度显著强于La Ni?a事件,C区则相反。非线性动力学加热作用对E区和C区El Ni?o年和La Ni?a SST异常场的非对称分量都起到了正反馈作用,是造成这两个区域SST异常场产生正、负非对称分量的主导动力因子。Ekman输送对E区SST异常场正非对称分量起到较强的负反馈作用,但对C区SST异常场非对称分量的负反馈作用很小。纬向平流和温跃层的正反馈作用阻碍了C区SST异常场负非对称分量的形成。2 m高度上SAT异常场的非对称分布与SST异常场的非对称分布较为一致,但SAT异常场正、负非对称分量的显著范围明显减小,部分区域的非对称结果不显著。

    Abstract:

    Monthly sea surface temperature (SST) data from HadISST, ocean three-dimensional current velocity and temperature monthly assimilation data from SODAv2.2.4 and monthly surface air temperature (SAT) at 2-m height data from NCEP/NCAR during 1950?2020 in winter are used in this study. Combined with the asymmetric composite difference analysis method and heat budget analysis method, the possible ocean dynamic process of significantly asymmetric SST anomaly caused by ENSO events over eastern (E: 80°?110°W, 10°S?10°N) and central (C: 160°E?170°W, 10°S?10°N) equatorial Pacific has been explored. The asymmetric spatial responses of SAT anomaly at 2-m height under El Ni?o events and La Ni?a events are also analyzed. The results show that the El Ni?o events in the E region are significantly stronger than the La Ni?a events, while the C region is the opposite. The contribution of nonlinear dynamic heating to the asymmetric components of SSTs anomaly in El Ni?o (La Ni?a) years over the E and C regions are the same, and it is the dominant dynamic factor that causes the positive and negative asymmetric components of SSTs anomaly in these two regions. Ekman pumping has a strong negative feedback effect on the positive asymmetric component of SST anomaly in the E region, but has few contributions to the negative asymmetric component of SST anomaly in the C region. The formation of the negative asymmetric component in the C region is damped by zonal advection and thermocline feedback. The SAT anomaly at 2-m height and its asymmetric distribution are consistent with the asymmetric spatial distribution of SST anomaly. However, the significant range of positive and negative asymmetric components of SAT anomaly is significantly reduced, and the asymmetric results in some areas are not significant.

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  • 收稿日期:2022-04-08
  • 最后修改日期:2022-05-13
  • 录用日期:2023-02-17
  • 在线发布日期: 2023-07-18
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