春玉米收获期适宜气象条件及其影响研究
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国家重点研发计划项目(2022YFD2300201)、黑龙江省自然科学基金项目(LH2022D024)、中国气象局创新发展专项(CXFZ2022J054)


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A Study on Suitable Meteorological Conditions and its Effects for Spring Maize Harvest
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    摘要:

    基于1981—2021年黑龙江省玉米主产区气象数据、玉米发育期及产量资料,选取极大风速和土壤相对湿度2个要素,采用置信区间估计方法构建黑龙江省玉米主产区不同区域玉米收获适宜风速和土壤水分临界值,并探索分析玉米成熟后降水及秋季温度影响。结果表明:研究区不同站点适宜玉米收获的日极大风速临界值W_0为8.3~13.5m/s,土壤相对湿度M_0为71%~94%,日极大风速≤W_0、土壤相对湿度≤M_0适宜玉米收获,所建指标能较好指示黑龙江省玉米收获风速和土壤水分适宜程度;玉米成熟后至10月20日的主要收获期,日降水量在23.0mm以下的降水天气可收获玉米;秋季平均气温、最高气温、最低气温分别与玉米株籽粒重呈显著相关关系(P<0.01或P<0.05),在一定温度范围内,随着秋季温度的升高,玉米株籽粒重呈增加趋势,秋季温度条件对玉米成熟为正效应作用。

    Abstract:

    Based on the meteorological data, maize development period and yield data of the main maize producing areas in Heilongjiang Province from 1981 to 2021, This paper selects extreme wind speed and relative soil moisture to construct the suitable critical values by using the confidence interval estimation method for maize harvest in different regions of the main maize producing areas in Heilongjiang Province. At the same time, this paper explores and analyzes the impact of precipitation after maize mature and the autumn temperature. The results shows that the critical value of suitable daily extreme wind speed is 8.3~13.5m/s and the suitable relative soil moisture is 71%~94% at different stations in the study area, and the daily extreme wind speed≤W_0、the relative soil moisture≤M_0 is suitable for maize harvest. The established indicators could better indicate the suitability of extreme wind speed and soil moisture for maize harvest in Heilongjiang Province; During the main harvest period from the maturity of maize to October 20, Maize could be harvested in rainy weather with daily precipitation below 23.0mm; There is a significant correlation between the average temperature, maximum temperature, and minimum temperature the grain weight of maize per plant in autumn (P<0.01 or P<0.05) respectively, and within a certain temperature range, with the increase of autumn temperature, the grain weight of maize per plant shows an increasing trend, which indicates the autumn temperature conditions have a positive effect on maize maturity.

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  • 收稿日期:2023-01-29
  • 最后修改日期:2023-07-28
  • 录用日期:2023-07-31
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