The optimization of typhoon avoidance routes stands as a crucial challenge in weather routing. To address this problem, a graph search algorithm for ship’s typhoon avoidance route planning is proposed. This approach uses ship speed loss model and ship sailing risk model under the influence of typhoons. It considers a range of ship speed variations, defines the weights for each edge in the graph search algorithm, and enhances the search strategy based on predefined routes. These improvements significantly increase the efficiency of the algorithm’s search and the smoothness of the typhoon avoidance routes, ultimately with the aim of minimizing the voyage duration. Using Typhoon Doksuri (2035) as an illustrative example, this paper validates the algorithm in designing typhoon avoidance routes. Experimental results demonstrate that the proposed algorithm can effectively steer clear of Typhoon Doksuri and obtain the optimal typhoon avoidance routes that minimize the voyage duration. This research carries substantial significance in the realization of ship’s intelligent typhoon avoidance and the optimization of sailing route planning.