The Comprehensive Observation Department of China Meteorological Administration carried out the layout design of the observation station network in 2021. In order to do a good job in the research on the layout of the ground observation station network in Shandong Province, the horizontal resolution of the ground meteorological observation station network in Shandong Province were evaluated according to the principle of Rolling Review of Requirements. Based on the spatial structure function, the distribution scheme and accuracy of temperature, relative humidity and precipitation were studied by using the data of national benchmark, basic and conventional meteorological observation stations in Shandong Province. The results show that: (1) Among the four types of ground meteorological observation stations in Shandong province, the horizontal resolution of each element is smallest for regional meteorological observation stations and largest for application meteorological observation stations. The horizontal resolution of each element for national meteorological observation stations and regional meteorological observation stations, from smallest to largest, is precipitation, temperature, wind, humidity, and air pressure. The horizontal resolution of each element for national benchmark, basic, and routine meteorological observation stations is the same. The horizontal resolution of temperature and humidity elements for application meteorological observation stations is larger than that of wind and precipitation.The comparison of the horizontal resolution of the ground observation network in different cities shows that the detection ability of the ground observation network in Jinan, Qingdao, Zibo and Rizhao is strong, while that in Linyi, Heze and Weifang is weak.(2) Except for global numerical weather forecasting and marine applications, there is still a significant gap between the horizontal resolution of each element in the four types of ground meteorological observation stations in Shandong province and the breakthrough values in various application areas of OSCAR. Among them, regional meteorological observation stations have the best detection capability, while application meteorological observation stations have the weakest detection capability.(3) The structural functions of the four seasons temperature, relative humidity and precipitation of the national benchmark, basic and conventional meteorological observation stations in Shandong Province increase with the increase of distance as a whole. The seasonal difference of structure function of different observed elements is obvious, which reflects the difference of time variation and spatial gradient distribution of each element in different seasons. The linear, equilateral triangle and square interpolation standard errors of temperature, relative humidity and precipitation have linear relationship with distance, and increase with distance. When the distance meets the standard error of point value interpolation less than the standard error of observation, temperature, relative humidity and precipitation are the highest accuracy of equilateral triangle interpolation. (4) The optimum distribution scheme of air temperature, relative humidity and precipitation of national benchmark, basic and conventional meteorological observation stations in Shandong Province is triangular layout. The distribution accuracy of temperature, relative humidity and precipitation are respectively ≤43.6km, ≤63.4km and ≤40.3km.