太平洋上“射线状”云的特征分析
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1.山东省青岛市崂山区沙子口街道松岭路238号中国海洋大学崂山校区;2.中国海洋大学物理海洋教育部重点实验室

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国家自然科学基金项目(面上项目,重点项目,重大项目)


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Characteristic Analyses of “Actinoform Clouds” over the Pacific Ocean
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The National Natural Science Foundation of China (General Program, Key Program, Major Research Plan)

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    摘要:

    利用美国国家航空航天局(NASA)提供的Aqua和Terra卫星可见光云图和地球同步轨道卫星(GOES)红外卫星云图、欧洲中期天气预报中心(ECMWF)提供的ERA5客观再分析数据(时间间隔为1小时, 水平分辨率为0.25°×0.25°),对2012~2016年发生在太平洋上空的“射线状”云的分布特征进行了分析,结果表明,“射线状”云多呈近似圆形或椭圆形,具有明显的云系中心和清晰的辐射状径向云臂,云臂通常自云系中心向四周发散,形状如古时车轮。约85%的“射线状”云个例发生在南半球,其中绝大多数“射线状”云发生在东南太平洋的秘鲁沿岸。全年除2月份外皆有“射线状”云发生,6、7、8月为“射线状”云高频发生月份,5、9、10月为中频发生月份,1、2、3、4、11、12月为低频发生月份。大气逆温层对“射线状”云的产生与消散具有重要影响,云系内部以上升运动为主;部分“射线状”云个例呈旋转形态;水汽的上升与下沉运动影响着云系结构。 关键词:“射线状”云;太平洋;地理分布;统计分析;大气逆温层。

    Abstract:

    In this paper, the MODIS (Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer) data taken on Aqua and Terra satellites, GOES infrared satellite cloud imagery provided by NASA , ERA5 data from ECMWF (European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts, hourly time interval and horizontal resolution 0.25°×0.25°) were used to analyze the fundamental features and geographical distribution of Actinoform Clouds over the Pacific Ocean from 2012 to 2016. The results showed that most of Actinoform Clouds exhibited “circular” or “elliptical” shape, with obvious center of cloud system and clear “radical arms” extending from the center to outside, which looked like a “wheel” in ancient times. About 85% of Actinoform Clouds occurred over the Southern Hemisphere, and the vast majority of them occurring over the Southeast Pacific Ocean off the coast of Peru. Actinoform clouds occurred all the year round except for February. The high occurrence frequency months are June, July, and August, respectively. The middle occurrence frequency months are May, September, and October, respectively. The low occurrence frequency months are January, February, March, April, November, and December, respectively. The atmospheric inversion layer had important effect on the formation and dissipation of the Actinoform Clouds. The interior of the cloud system was dominated by upward motion. Some of Actinoform Clouds exhibited rotation patterns. The upward and downward motions of the water vapor affected the structure of cloud system.

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  • 收稿日期:2023-12-11
  • 最后修改日期:2024-02-05
  • 录用日期:2024-03-06
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