山东一次典型持续冰雹过程的闪电活动和雷达特征分析
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冯桂力,男,博士,正高级工程师,主要从事强对流天气及闪电活动研究,fenggl@lzb.ac.cn。

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P446;P412.25

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山东省自然科学基金项目(ZR2023MD025,ZR2021MD010);山东省气象局科研项目(2022sdqxz8)


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Analysis on lightning activities and radar characteristics of a typical continuous hail process in Shandong
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    摘要:

    2020年6月1日下午至夜间,山东部分地区出现降雹天气,利用卫星和雷达以及闪电探测资料详细分析此次降雹过程的闪电和雷达参量特征。结果表明:(1)鲁北和鲁中雹暴闪电活动的主要差异为:鲁中雹暴的对流强度强于鲁北雹暴,其正地闪比例和正地闪平均强度明显高于鲁北雹暴。其相同特征为:在开始阶段正地闪比例和云闪占总闪电的比例较高;在地面降雹开始之前总闪电频数均出现跃增,其峰值提前降雹6~18 min,同时云闪表现更加活跃;地面出现降雹之后,云闪频数快速下降,地闪占总闪电比增加,甚至超过50%。(2)雹暴的闪电活动均发生在云顶温度小于-50 ℃的云区内,且密集出现在云顶温度小于-60 ℃的范围内。闪电主要发生在30 dBZ以上回波区域,密集的云闪对应强对流区,表明云内垂直运动剧烈。负地闪与差分相移率KDP>0.5 (°)·km-1和差分反射率ZDR>2.0 dB的区域对应关系非常一致,表明负地闪与强降水区密切相关。雹暴回波穹隆区的ZDR值较高、零滞后相关系数(Cc)值较低,很好地指示了上升气流区。较高的水平反射率因子(ZH)和较低的Cc以及较低的ZDR区域对应冰雹粒子区域。闪电很好地对应于云内霰、湿雪、冰雹、干雪等大的冰相粒子区。(3)0 ℃以上ZDR≥1.0 dB的体积、ZH≥30 dBZ的体积、ZH≥30 dBZ的冰水含量与总闪电频数的时间演变趋势基本一致,其与总闪电频数的相关系数分别为0.756、0.780和0.710,进一步证实大的冰相粒子在起电过程中发挥着主导作用。

    Abstract:

    Hailstorms occurred in several areas of Shandong from afternoon to night on 1 June 2020. Using data of satellite, radar, and lightning detection system, the characteristics of lightning and radar parameters in the hailstorms are analyzed in detail. The results show that the major differences of the hailstorms in the northern and central Shandong Province are that the convective intensity of the hailstorm in the central Shandong Province is stronger than that in the northern part, and the ratio of positive CG (cloud-to-ground) to total CG lightning and the average current intensity of positive CG lightning in the central Shandong Province are obviously higher than those in the northern part. The common features of the two hailstorms are that the proportion of positive CG lightning is higher at the initial stage, and the percentage of IC (intracloud) lightning with respective to total lightning (including IC lightning and CG lightning) at the developing stage is higher than that at other stages. The lightning frequency, for both total lightning and IC lightning, increases sharply before hail is observed, their peak values are 6-18 min in advance of the occurrence of hailstones on the ground, and IC lightning is more active. After the hailstones land on surface, the frequency of IC lightning decreases rapidly, and the proportion of CG lightning to total lightning increases, even exceeding 50%. The lightning activities of hailstorms all occur in the cloud area where the cloud top temperature is below -50 ℃, and tend to cluster in the area of cloud top temperature below -60 ℃. The lightning occurs mostly in strong convective areas with the reflectivity above 30 dBZ. The dense IC lightning corresponds to the strong convective area, where the vertical velocity in the cloud is very high. The spatial distribution of negative CG lightning is remarkably consistent with the area with KDP>0.5 (°)·km-1 and ZDR>2.0 dB, indicating that negative CG lightning is closely related to the strong rainfall area. The high ZDR and low Cc in the echo vault of hailstorm are good indications for the strong updraft area. The areas with high ZH, low Cc, and low ZDR correspond to the areas with hailstones. The location of lightning corresponds well to the areas with large ice particles such as graupel, wet snow, hail, and dry snow. The volume with ZDR≥1.0 dB, the volume with ZH≥30 dBZ, and the ice water content of ZH≥30 dBZ above 0 ℃ are basically consistent with the evolution trend of the total lightning frequency, and the Pearson correlation coefficients between them and the total lightning frequency are 0.756, 0.780, and 0.710, respectively. It is further confirmed that large ice particles play a leading role in the electrification of thunderstorms.

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冯桂力,侯淑梅,张骞,邓猛.山东一次典型持续冰雹过程的闪电活动和雷达特征分析[J].海洋气象学报,2024,(1):24-38.

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  • 收稿日期:2023-07-28
  • 最后修改日期:2023-10-07
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  • 在线发布日期: 2024-03-05
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