Using encrypted automatic meteorological observation station data, lightning data, Doppler radar data, wind profile radar data, and ERA5 multi-source data, an analysis was conducted of a convective weather event in dry conditions that was missed in Shandong, with a focus on the role of complex underlying surfaces in the weather process.The results show that: (1)? The occurrence of this convective weather was facilitated by the water vapor conditions, dynamic conditions, and thermal conditions provided by the complex underlying surface (such as the Yellow River water surface, Mount Tai mountain range, and large cities), which enabled convection systems to suddenly triggered, developed, enhanced despite the unfavorable large-scale environmental background for convection, and finally formed a convective echo zone, lasting 2-3 hours, causing a strong convective weather in central Shandong. (2) The convective cells were firstly triggered at the ground mesoscale convergence line along the west bank of the Yellow River where the high temperature area and the wet tongue are superimposed, and then the convective cells were arranged in an orderly manner after crossing the Yellow River, which was influenced by the high temperature area and the dew front, and developed into a northeast-southwest echo band. (3) The echo belt moved eastward, convective weather generated, forming a cold pool in the strata, and the cold pool expanded eastward, blocked by the mountains, and formed an obvious temperature gradient between the high temperature area in front of it. In addition, the echo belt climbed the mountain, and the terrain rose, resulting in further enhancement of echo intensity. However, the echo belt not affected by the terrain moved faster, and the banded echo gradually developed into an anti-bow shape. When the echo reached the top of the mountain, the environmental field was not conducive to the maintenance of convective clouds, and the echo weakened. (4) With the establishment of the low level jet stream, the west side of the mountain is in a favorable local environment, so that the echo there is strengthened and maintained. At the same time, the strengthening of the southwest airflow forms the cross-mountain airflow, resulting in the growth and thickening of the low-level jet stream on the north side of the mountain, and the convective cloud develops on the north side of the mountain. (5) It is worth noting that the complex underlying surface will form local micro-environment, such as the wet tongue along the Yellow River, the real urban heat island, and the evolution of the air flow after flowing through the Taishan Mountain. When a weak weather system passes over these complex underlying surfaces, it can cause the weather system to strengthen or weaken.