两次森林火灾的双偏振雷达探测特征分析
作者:
作者单位:

1.山东省气象台,山东 济南 250031 ;2.烟台市气象局,山东 烟台 264003 ;3.山东省人民政府人工影响天气办公室,山东 济南 250031 ;4.华云敏视达雷达(北京)有限公司,北京 100094

作者简介:

朱君鉴,男,正高级工程师,主要从事雷达气象学研究,2894380621@qq.com。

通讯作者:

中图分类号:

P412.25

基金项目:

山东省气象局科研项目(2021sdqxz09)


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Analysis on detection characteristics of two forest fires using dual-polarization radars
Author:
Affiliation:

1.Shandong Meteorological Observatory, Jinan 250031 , China ; 2.Yantai Meteorological Bureau, Yantai 264003 , China ; 3.Shandong Weather Modification Office, Jinan 250031 , China ; 4.HuaYun METSTAR Radar (Beijing) Co., Ltd., Beijing 100094 , China

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    摘要:

    通过对2020年3月17日山东烟台、4月23日山东青岛发生的两次森林火灾的双偏振雷达探测资料进行分析,结果表明:(1)森林火灾燃烧产生的灰烬上升到空中,随环境风向下风方飘散,形成烟羽,烟羽的雷达反射率因子在20 dBZ左右,火灾点上空很小范围最大值达36 dBZ。(2)两次山火的灰烬飘浮物随环境风向下游扩散的最远距离分别是65 km和94 km,最高上升高度分别达3.7 km和4.8 km。(3)追踪烟羽的前沿可以估算相应高度上环境风的速度;两次火灾都发生在晴天,环境风速不大,除了烟羽边缘位置速度谱宽值较大外,其余部分速度谱宽都很小,大部分为1~2 m·s-1。(4)相关系数(Cc)、差分反射率(ZDR)和差分相移(ΦDP)探测到的范围与雷达反射率因子的演变形态和面积接近,同样随烟羽的扩散而逐渐增大;Cc值非常小,大多数区域小于0.9,少数距离库库元的Cc值低于0.5;火灾点上空的ZDR值有相对较小的区域,为2~3 dB,而火灾点下风方,大部分ZDR值都很大,大多超过5 dB。(5)两次森林火灾的双偏振探测特征表明,产生回波的反射物主要是干草、松针等燃烧后的灰烬形成的水平尺度较大的非球形粒子反射物。

    Abstract:

    Two forest fires occurred in Yantai and Qingdao, Shandong on 17 March and 23 April 2020, respectively, and the detection data using dual-polarization radars are analyzed. The results are as follows. (1) Ashes from forest fires rise up into the air and drift downstream to form a smoke plume, whose radar reflectivity is around 20 dBZ, with a maximum of 36 dBZ in the small range above the fire spot. (2) The farthest distance of the two wildfires’ floating objects spreading downstream in the environmental wind direction is 65 km and 94 km, respectively, and the highest rising height reaches 3.7 km and 4.8 km, respectively. (3) The environmental wind speed of corresponding altitude can be estimated by tracking the plume’s front edge. Both wildfires occur on sunny days, the environmental wind speed is not large, and except for the large velocity spectrum width at the plume’s edge, the velocity spectrum width is very small, mostly at 1-2 m·s-1. (4) The ranges detected by correlation coefficient (Cc), differential reflectivity (ZDR) and differential phase shift (ΦDP) are close to the evolution and area of the radar reflectivity, and also increase gradually along with the diffusion of the plume. The value of Cc is very small with the values of most sites less than 0.9 and the values of a few range bins under 0.5. There is a part of relatively small ZDR over the fire spot between 2 dB and 3 dB, while in the downwind direction, ZDR is large, mostly over 5dB. (5) The detection characteristics of the two forest fires using dual-polarization radars show that the reflectors of generating echoes are mainly non-spherical particle reflectors with large horizontal scale produced by ashes such as hay and pine needles.

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朱君鉴,苏添记,龚佃利,等.两次森林火灾的双偏振雷达探测特征分析[J].海洋气象学报,2024,44(3):14-22.

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  • 收稿日期:2023-01-29
  • 最后修改日期:2023-07-25
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  • 在线发布日期: 2024-09-04
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