Based on the monthly summer precipitation data of 0.5°×0.5° in Guizhou from 1961 to 2018 and the monthly global sea surface temperature (SST) data, this paper analyzes the spatial and temporal distribution characteristics of summer precipitation in Guizhou and their relationship with the previous SST, and synthetically analyzes the influence of SST anomaly on atmospheric circulation anomaly and thus on precipitation. The results are as follows. (1) There is no significant trend change in summer precipitation and monthly summer precipitation in Guizhou, the precipitation gradually increases from the middle of the northeastern part to the southwestern part, and the summer precipitation anomalies in Guizhou mainly have three modes: uniform regional type, north-south opposite type and east-west opposite type. (2) The summer precipitation anomalies in Guizhou are closely related to the SST anomalies in the North Equatorial Current zone, the California Current zone and the mid latitude of the North Pacific Ocean. (3) The significant period of the North Equatorial Current zone and the California Current zone (the mid latitude of the North Pacific Ocean) is from June to November (from June to July) of the previous year, in which July has the most significant influence, and the range of influence is mainly in the eastern (northeastern) part and southern (southeastern) part of Guizhou. (4) The relationship between SST in key sea areas and the years of less precipitation in Guizhou is not as close as that between SST in key sea areas and the years of more precipitation.