Abstract:Based on the data of daily maximum ,minimum temperature and daily relative humidity from June to August in 1961-2022 from 116 meteorological stations in Shandong Province, temporal and spatial variation of three independent types of heat waves, including daytime heat waves, nighttime heat waves, and compound heat waves (with both extreme daily maxima and minima) were analyzed using total number, average duration, average intensity and average relative humidity heat waves indices, which were commonly used. The results showed that spatial distribution among three types of heat waves were significant differences, total number of daytime heat waves were more in West Shandong and less in East Shandong, total number of nighttime heat waves were more in South Shandong and less in North Shandong, total number of compound heat waves were more in South Shandong and less in Shandong Peninsula. Average duration among three types of heat waves were less than 4.5 days in most areas of Shandong. Average intensity of compound heat waves were more than 8.0℃ in West and middle of Shandong. Average relative humidity of nighttime heat waves were obviously larger than daytime and nighttime heat waves, meanwhile average relative humidity were commonly over 76%. Total number among three types of heat waves mainly occurred in July, Average duration of daytime heat waves was longest in June, total number of daytime heat waves was most in June and relative humidity was minimum. Average duration among of compound heat waves were was longest in July and August. Average relative humidity among three types of heat waves were highest in August, Average relative humidity of nighttime heat waves was highest among three months. Average relative humidity of daytime heat waves had significant decreasing trends. The total number, average duration, and average intensity of nighttime and compound heat waves showed significant increasing trends. The number of stations with daytime heat waves showed insignificant decreasing trends, but the number of stations with nighttime and compound heat waves showed significant increasing trends and obviously increased around 1990s.