1961—2022年山东夏季不同类型高湿度热浪时空变化特征
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山东省气候中心

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环渤海区域科技协同创新(QYXM202206);山东省气象局研究项目(2023SDBD02)。


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Spatio-Temporal Variation Characteristics of Summer High Relative Humidity Heat waves in Shandong from 1961 to 2022
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    摘要:

    利用山东1961—2022年116个国家气象观测站6—8月逐日最高气温、最低气温、平均相对湿度观测数据,研究了山东日间型、夜间型和复合型高湿度热浪过程出现次数、持续时间、平均强度、平均相对湿度等指标的时空分布和变化特征。结果表明:(1)山东各类型热浪空间分布差异明显,日间型热浪出现次数呈西多东少,夜间型呈南多北少,复合型呈鲁南多、半岛少的空间分布型,大部分地区各类型热浪过程平均持续时间均不超过4.5天,中西部大部分地区复合型热浪过程平均强度超过8.0℃,各地夜间型热浪平均相对湿度明显高于日间型和复合型热浪,平均相对湿度普遍在76%以上。(2)山东各类型热浪过程主要出现在7月份,6月以日间型热浪为主且持续时间最长,相对湿度最小,7月和8月均以复合型热浪平均持续时间最长,各类型热浪平均相对湿度均以8月最高,各月以夜间型热浪平均相对湿度最高。(3)山东日间型热浪平均相对湿度呈显著减小趋势;夜间型和复合型热浪出现次数、平均持续时间、平均强度等均呈显著增多、增强趋势。(4)山东日间型热浪出现站数呈不显著的减少变化特征,夜间型、复合型热浪出现站数均呈显著增多趋势。在1990s年代中期前后夜间型、复合型热浪出现站数明显增多。

    Abstract:

    Based on the data of daily maximum ,minimum temperature and daily relative humidity from June to August in 1961-2022 from 116 meteorological stations in Shandong Province, temporal and spatial variation of three independent types of heat waves, including daytime heat waves, nighttime heat waves, and compound heat waves (with both extreme daily maxima and minima) were analyzed using total number, average duration, average intensity and average relative humidity heat waves indices, which were commonly used. The results showed that spatial distribution among three types of heat waves were significant differences, total number of daytime heat waves were more in West Shandong and less in East Shandong, total number of nighttime heat waves were more in South Shandong and less in North Shandong, total number of compound heat waves were more in South Shandong and less in Shandong Peninsula. Average duration among three types of heat waves were less than 4.5 days in most areas of Shandong. Average intensity of compound heat waves were more than 8.0℃ in West and middle of Shandong. Average relative humidity of nighttime heat waves were obviously larger than daytime and nighttime heat waves, meanwhile average relative humidity were commonly over 76%. Total number among three types of heat waves mainly occurred in July, Average duration of daytime heat waves was longest in June, total number of daytime heat waves was most in June and relative humidity was minimum. Average duration among of compound heat waves were was longest in July and August. Average relative humidity among three types of heat waves were highest in August, Average relative humidity of nighttime heat waves was highest among three months. Average relative humidity of daytime heat waves had significant decreasing trends. The total number, average duration, and average intensity of nighttime and compound heat waves showed significant increasing trends. The number of stations with daytime heat waves showed insignificant decreasing trends, but the number of stations with nighttime and compound heat waves showed significant increasing trends and obviously increased around 1990s.

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  • 收稿日期:2024-05-27
  • 最后修改日期:2024-06-28
  • 录用日期:2024-08-23
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