Abstract:On July 5, 2024, influenced by a extratropical cyclone, Shandong experienced nine tornadoes, with tornadoes No.1 to No.4 generated by the same supercell. This paper analyzes the mesoscale characteristics of the "24.7" group tornado process in Shandong using multi-source observational data such as upper-air, surface, wind profiler radar, and Doppler weather radar, along with ERA5 reanalysis data. The results show that: (1) The strong low-level jet (LLJ) provided abundant moisture, and the unstable atmospheric stratification, moderate vertical wind shear, and low lifting condensation levels created favorable environmental conditions for the tornadic parent storm. The LLJ bottom height dropped, and wind speeds below 1000 m reached 10-12 m?s–1, the first tornado appeared in Dongming 37 minutes later. (2) The extratropical cyclone rapidly intensified in central Henan Province, with three different types of airflow converging in the northeastern quadrant of the cyclone, resulting in the strengthening of the vortex and the reduction of air pressure at the convergence point. Tornadoes primarily occurred near the convergence line on the northeast side of the cyclone or within the northeast airflow behind the convergence line, 62km away from the center of the cyclone. (3) During the period of tornadoes No.1 to No.4, the base heights of the mesocyclone and TVS were at the minimum height detectable by the radar. For the mesocyclone, at least one volume scan showed that either the maximum shear exceeded 41?10–3 s–1 or the height where the maximum shear occurred was below 2.5 km. For the TVS, at least one volume scan showed that either the wind speed difference in the lowest layer reached 37 m?s–1 or the maximum shear reached 82?10–3 s–1, and meanwhile, the height of the maximum shear was below 2.5 km. (4) When the maximum shear jumped above 100?10–3 s–1 with its height droped below 2.5 km, it indicated an imminent tornado occurrence. (5) When multiple mesocyclones and TVS are detected by the radar, tornadoes tend to occur at the leading edge of the echo band. After a tornado ended, if the intensities of the mesocyclone and TVS did not weaken significantly, and when the maximum shears of the two increased respectively to above 20?10–3 s–1and 70?10–3 s–1, or when the wind speed difference at the lowest layer of the TVS exceeded 35 m?s–1, it indicates that a tornado will occur again.