From March 22 to 23, 2023, a sandstorm occurred in Shandong, with a wide range, high intensity, and long duration, making it a rare event in recent years. It was included in the top ten weather and climate events in Shandong for 2023. This study analyzes the characteristics of this sandstorm using data from aerosol lidar, L-band boundary layer wind profiling radar, air quality data from the China National Environmental Monitoring Center, routine ground and upper-air observations, and ERA5 reanalysis data. The conclusions are as follows: (1) From January to March 2023, the temperature in sand source areas such as Mongolia and northwest China was significantly higher than usual, and precipitation was scarce in desert regions. This formed the climatic background for the sandstorm in Shandong. The sandstorm occurred under the weather conditions of a strong Siberian high-pressure system and a Mongolian cyclone, with the pressure difference between the two systems exceeding 52hPa during their strongest phase. (2) The Mongolian cyclone was the triggering mechanism for the sandstorm. From March 20 to 21, a warm center developed at low levels in the northwest and North China regions, with a temperature difference between 850hPa and 500hPa reaching 33~35C. This led to unstable atmospheric stratification, and the cyclone triggered thermal instability and strong winds, disturbing the loose surface, and lifting dust and sand from the ground and sand source areas into the air through upward motion. When the cold front of the cyclone passed through Shandong, the horizontal transport of northeast winds behind the front and dynamic subsidence directly contributed to the sandstorm. The increase in wind speed, the sharp rise in PM10 concentration, and the stronger positive △P3 showed a good correspondence. (3) Wind speed affects the vertical diffusion of particulate matter. Aerosol lidar monitoring showed that the height of sand transport in Shandong was less than 2.5km, but the high-concentration dust particles were concentrated below 1km. As the sandstorm moved east and south, the transport height gradually decreased. When wind speed decreased, dust particles were dispersed into higher altitudes, causing the affected height to increase again.