超强台风“格美”(2403)影响下不同类型降水特征及成因
作者:
作者单位:

国家气象中心,北京 100081

作者简介:

贾莉,女,博士,工程师,主要从事台风预报研究,jl07070522@126.com。

通讯作者:

中图分类号:

P458.124

基金项目:

中国气象科学研究院灾害天气国家重点实验室开放课题(2024LASW-A03)


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Characteristics and causes of different types of precipitation under impact of Super Typhoon Gaemi (2403)
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National Meteorological Center, Beijing 100081 , China

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    摘要:

    利用逐小时降水资料、中央气象台主观分析的台风路径资料、ERA5数据和全球数据同化系统数据,对2024年第3号超强台风“格美”及其残余系统影响期间4个代表性站点进行水汽及动力特征诊断分析,对比台风本体降水、远距离降水及残涡降水发生时天气形势、水汽来源及层结不稳定等特征的异同。结果表明:(1)台风本体降水发生在台风倒槽附近,200 hPa南亚高压提供了高空辐散条件。(2)远距离降水出现在500 hPa槽前、副热带高压西北侧及200 hPa高空急流轴右侧。(3)残涡降水附近有很强的南北风向切变,北部高压坝的阻挡使得残涡稳定少动更有利于强降水产生。(4)台风本体降水水汽来源于孟加拉湾—南海一带,由台风引导季风输送水汽到达降水区。远距离降水及残涡降水水汽均主要来源于台风外围环流附近,经台风输送到达降水区。(5)产生降水时,气团表现出暖湿且不稳定的特征,地形抬升或喇叭口地形有助于降水的形成。台风中心或残涡附近的降水区为低质心的热带型降水,降水效率较高,而在远距离降水区及螺旋雨带中,对流活动范围更大、对流高度更高,伴随列车效应作用。

    Abstract:

    Based on the hourly precipitation data, subjectively analyzed typhoon track data by the National Meteorological Center, ERA5 data and data of Global Data Assimilation System, the water vapor and dynamic diagnostic analysis are conducted on 4 representative stations with precipitation induced by Super Typhoon Gaemi (2403) and its remnant systems. The similarities and differences in the synoptic situations, water vapor sources and unstable stratification characteristics are analyzed for typhoon precipitation (TP), typhoon remote precipitation (TRP) and typhoon remnant vortex precipitation (TRVP). The results are as follows. (1) TP occurs near the typhoon inverted trough at 850 hPa, and the South Asia high at 200 hPa provides conditions for high-level divergence. (2) TRP occurs in front of the 500-hPa trough, on the northwest side of the subtropical high and on the right side of the 200-hPa high-level jet stream axis. (3) There is strong north-south wind shear near the TRVP, and the obstruction of the high-pressure dam in the north makes the vortex stable, which is conducive to the heavy precipitation. (4) The water vapor of TP is from the Bay of Bengal-the South China Sea, and is transferred to the precipitation area through the monsoon pulled by Gaemi. The water vapor of TRP and TRVP mainly comes from the peripheral circulation of the typhoon and is transferred to the precipitation area by the typhoon. (5) When precipitation occurs, the air masses around the 4 stations are warm, humid and unstable. The topographic uplift or trumpet shaped terrain contributes to the formation of precipitation. The precipitation area near the center or the remnant vortex is a low-centroid tropical precipitation with high precipitation efficiency. However, in remote precipitation areas and spiral rainbands, the range of convective activity is larger, the convective height is higher, and there is a train effect.

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贾莉,向纯怡,吕心艳,朱文剑.超强台风“格美”(2403)影响下不同类型降水特征及成因[J].海洋气象学报,2025,(1):1-11.

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  • 收稿日期:2024-11-26
  • 最后修改日期:2025-01-18
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  • 在线发布日期: 2025-02-21
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