Using air-sea coupled model simulations from CMIP6 and PMIP4, this study extracted the intrinsic modes of mid-Holocene ENSO in the perspective of the ENSO recharge–discharge oscillator via the linear inverse model method, thereby elucidating the dynamic mechanisms for the ENSO amplitude reduction during this period. The research revealed that the reduced ENSO amplitude in the mid-Holocene resulted from a decreased growth rate of the intrinsic ENSO mode, which is linked to weakened thermocline feedback and zonal advection feedback. The results indicate that the weakened thermocline feedback was primarily driven by a significant reduction in the response strength of the zonal slope of the thermocline to equatorial central Pacific wind stress during autumn and winter of the mid-Holocene. Simultaneously, the weakened zonal advection feedback was attributed to a notable decline in the response strength of anomalous zonal currents in the equatorial eastern Pacific to wind stress over the equatorial central Pacific during summer to winter. The weakening of these two critical positive feedbacks reduced the development rate of the initial ENSO sea surface temperature anomalies emerged in summer, ultimately reducing ENSO amplitude in winter. In contrast, the enhanced ENSO amplitude in some models was associated with strengthened thermocline feedback, although zonal advective feedback was weakened as well but to a smaller extent, compared to the enhancement of thermocline feedback.