Based on the CMA Best Track Dataset from the China Meteorological Administration's Tropical Cyclone Data Center, NCEP reanalysis data from the National Centers for Environmental Prediction, and the GPM (Global Precipitation Measurement) IMERG (Integrated Multi-satellite Retrievals for GPM) hourly precipitation dataset during the period 2000–2023, this study comprehensively employs methods such as K-means clustering and SOM (Self-Organizing Map) classification to conduct statistical and typological analyses of heavy precipitation processes in the Chaoshan region affected by typhoons landing in Fujian Province. The results indicate that the Chaoshan region exhibits significant spatial differences in rainstorm distribution: the eastern coastal areas have the highest frequency of heavy precipitation, while the western region experiences weaker precipitation. Precipitation processes also show distinct typological characteristics: the "Eastern High-Western Low" type is characterized by enhanced precipitation intensity after typhoon landfall; the "High-Pressure Dam" type features prolonged continuous precipitation; and the "Westerly Trough" type is marked by short-duration explosive heavy precipitation. Further research reveals that the 500 hPa circulation system is a key factor regulating precipitation characteristics. The Eastern High-Western Low type relies on the pressure gradient formed by the northward-shifted subtropical high ridge to sustain water vapor transport; the High-Pressure Dam type is caused by the zonal distribution of the subtropical high blocking the typhoon, keeping the Chaoshan region in an airflow convergence zone for an extended period; the Westerly Trough type is affected by both pre-trough and the advection of positive vorticity from the typhoon. Through vertical coupling between upper and lower levels, the 500 hPa system determines water vapor transport, dynamic lifting, and precipitation duration.