台风“摩羯”眼壁擦过七洲列岛气象站风速与气压自动观测数据分析
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海南省气象探测中心

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国家自然科学基金(项目编号:42465006)资助


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Analysis of Wind Speed and Atmospheric Pressure Observation Data of Typhoon "Yagi" Wiping Over the Eye Wall of Qizhou Archipelago Weather Station
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Hainan Meteorological Observation Center

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    摘要:

    基于七洲列岛气象站和海口S波段天气雷达资料,利用气象站1分钟观测数据,系统分析了2024年超强台风“摩羯”过境时气压与风速实测资料的变化特征。研究表明:观测到的最低气压与最大阵风极值时间与天气雷达观测资料存在显著同步性;双套气象站气压变化趋势高度一致,相关系数高达0.9998;气压在台风眼壁擦过期间会发生剧烈变化,分钟变压出现较大正负值现象,最大负变压达-4.2hPa,最大正变压为4.0hPa。不同时距的风速数据发现,极大风速的波动性较大,分钟极大风速与2分钟平均风速的比值在1.00至1.47之间波动,平均值为1.15;2min平均风速与10min平均风速的比值在0.82-1.28之间变化,平均值为1.01;台风期间阵风系数介于1.2-1.5之间,且在台风影响早期阵风系数较大,随着台风中心接近观测站,阵风系数变化趋缓。

    Abstract:

    Based on data from the Qizhou Archipelago Weather Station and Haikou S-band weather radar, along with 1-minute observations from automatic weather stations, this study systematically analyzed the variation characteristics of Atmospheric pressure and wind speed during the passage of the super typhoon "Yagi" in 2024. The findings indicate: the observed minimum Atmospheric pressure and peak gust times exhibit significant synchronization with weather radar data; the Atmospheric pressure trends from two sets of weather stations show high consistency, with a correlation coefficient as high as 0.9998; Atmospheric pressure undergoes dramatic changes as the typhoon eye wall passes, with substantial positive and negative minute pressure variations, reaching a maximum negative pressure change of -4.2 hPa and a maximum positive pressure change of 4.0 hPa. Analysis of wind speed data at different time intervals reveals considerable fluctuations in peak wind speeds, with the ratio of 1-minute peak wind speed to 2-minute average wind speed fluctuating between 1.00 and 1.47, averaging 1.15; the ratio of 2-minute average wind speed to 10-minute average wind speed varies between 0.82 and 1.28, averaging 1.01. During the typhoon, the gust factor ranged between 1.2 and 1.5, with higher values observed in the early stages of typhoon impact. As the typhoon center approached the observation station, the gust factor gradually stabilized.

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  • 收稿日期:2025-11-04
  • 最后修改日期:2025-12-23
  • 录用日期:2026-03-24
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