Based on ocean and atmospheric reanalysis data from GODAS and the ERA5 datasets, this study presents a comprehensive analysis of the spatiotemporal characteristics and influencing factors of North Atlantic mixed layer temperature from 1980 to 2023. Applying EOF, Mann-Kendall trend and mutation tests, and Morlet wavelet analysis, we identify the dominant modes of variability, detect significant regime shifts, and reveal the primary oscillatory periods governing the mixed layer temperature changes. The results indicate that during the period 1980-2023, the mixed layer temperature in the North Atlantic exhibited a significant zonal distribution pattern in space, characterized by a clear gradient decreasing from low latitudes to mid-latitudes. Over the past 44 years, the mixed layer temperature in the tropical and subtropical regions of the North Atlantic has significantly warmed, while the northwestern region has experienced localized cooling. Further analysis reveals that the mixed layer temperature in the North Atlantic exhibits clear interannual and decadal variation characteristics, with the decadal scale showing an evolution characteristic of "warming ~ cooling ~ warming". The mixed layer temperature has a significant oscillation period of about 28 years and underwent a mutation in the early 21st century. In terms of spatial modes, the first mode in spring, summer, and winter primarily manifests as a classic meridional tripole mode, while in autumn it presents a spatial distribution pattern combining positive anomalies in the subtropics with negative anomalies in the tropics. Circulation analysis indicates that the anticyclonic circulation over the North Atlantic, through vertical coupling, on the one hand reduces cloud cover and enhances shortwave radiation through the thermodynamic process of subsidence, and on the other hand drives Ekman transport through the dynamic process of its southern flank easterly wind field, collectively shaping and maintaining the "warm-south-cold-north" distribution pattern of mixed layer temperature.