春季强雷暴大风的雷达回波特征
作者:
作者单位:

1.中国民用航空局空中交通管理局航空气象中心,北京 100015 ;2.中国气象局气象干部培训学院,北京 100081

作者简介:

王一童,助理工程师,719123244@qq.com。

通讯作者:

中图分类号:

P456.1

基金项目:

国家自然科学基金项目(42375018,U2142203,41875058);中国气象局重点创新团队项目(CMA2022ZD07);中国气象局气象干部培训学院青年项目(2025CMATCQN04)


请扫码阅读

Radar echo characteristics of severe straight-line wind events in spring
Author:
Affiliation:

1.Aviation Meteorological Center, Air Traffic Management Bureau of CAAC, Beijing 100015 , China ; 2.China Meteorological Administration Training Center, Beijing 100081 , China

Fund Project:

  • 摘要
  • |
  • 图/表
  • |
  • 访问统计
  • |
  • 参考文献
  • |
  • 相似文献
  • |
  • 引证文献
  • |
  • 资源附件
  • |
  • 文章评论
    摘要:

    为解决精细化短临预报中分级雷暴大风预警的难题,利用具有偏振功能的S波段多普勒天气雷达数据和1 h极大风速数据,对2024年春季40次由孤立强风暴(回波强度不低于60 dBZ)引发的对流大风事件进行了分析,旨在提取其雷达特征先兆信号和预警指标。根据地面极大风风力将事件分为强雷暴大风事件(风力等级为9~13级)和非强风事件(风力等级不高于7级)。结果表明:强雷暴大风事件的风暴结构特征与强风超级单体雷达特征类似,绝大多数具有持续性中气旋和其他超级单体结构特征,表明春季引发强风的孤立风暴主要是超级单体,且回波强度、垂直累积液态含水量、中层径向辐合强度和风暴移速均显著高于非强风组。值得一提的是,反射率因子核下降是强风暴的共性特征,不能区分雷暴大风的强度。40%的强风组个例在大风发生前42 min出现差分反射率因子槽口,表明冰雹(霰)粒子及其下落过程中的相变(如融化、蒸发)引起的强下沉气流是雷暴大风形成的一种情形,相对连续的差分反射率因子槽口可作为强雷暴大风的预警指标之一。本研究明确了引发春季致灾强雷暴大风的孤立强风暴在雷达上的先兆信号和强风预警指标及其时间提前量,为强雷暴大风的预警和客观算法设计提供了科学依据。

    Abstract:

    To address the challenge of graded straight-line wind warnings in fine short-term forecasting and nowcasting, this study utilizes polarimetric S-band Doppler weather radar data together with 1-h maximum wind observations to analyze 40 convective wind events triggered by isolated severe storms (reflectivity not lower than 60 dBZ) in the spring of 2024. The aim is to extract radar precursors and early warning indicators. These storms are categorized into two groups based on the maximum surface wind gust: the strong-wind group (Force 9-13) and the non-strong-wind group (not higher than Force 7). The results indicate that the radar signatures of strong-wind events resemble those of severe-wind-producing supercells, with the majority exhibiting persistent mesocyclones and other supercell characteristics. This indicates that the isolated storms producing strong straight-line winds are primarily supercells, with significantly higher reflectivity, vertically integrated liquid water content, mid-altitude radial convergence intensity and storm motion speed than those of the non-strong-wind group. Notably, the descent of reflectivity core is a common feature of storms and cannot distinguish the intensity of straight-line winds. About 40% of the severe wind events show a ZDR trough 42 min before the surface wind gusts, indicating that the strong downdrafts induced by the phase changes (e.g., melting and evaporation) of hail or graupel particles represent one of the formation mechanisms for straight-line winds. A relatively continuous ZDR trough can serve as a precursor for strong straight-line winds. This study identifies the radar precursors and warning indicators, as well as their associated lead times, for isolated severe storms that produce severe straight-line winds in spring. These findings provide a scientific basis for the warning and objective algorithm design of severe straight-line winds.

    参考文献
    相似文献
    引证文献
引用本文

王一童,王秀明.春季强雷暴大风的雷达回波特征[J].海洋气象学报,2026,46(1):117-127.

复制
文章指标
  • 点击次数:
  • 下载次数:
  • HTML阅读次数:
  • 引用次数:
文章历史
  • 收稿日期:2025-03-30
  • 最后修改日期:2025-07-11
  • 录用日期:
  • 在线发布日期: 2026-02-13
  • 出版日期: